- #DECUSSATIONS NEUROANATOMY MADE RIDICULOUSLY SIMPLE MANUAL#
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The 16% celloidin was finally hardened by chloroform vapors and one day prior to cutting with 70% ethanol. The celloidin was concentrated to 16% in a dessicator by a slight vacuum (150 millibar). The brain together with an excess of 8% celloidin were placed into a big transparent PVC embedding form. Brain tissue was dehydrated in 96% alcohol and embedded with 8% celloidin (180 g of commercial alcohol-moistened celloidin dissolved in a mixture of 750 ml 100% ethanol and 750 ml diethyl ether) for 48 h.
Due to the large size of the brain, the brainstem with the cerebellum was severed at the level of the rostral pons and the hemispheres were divided. After scanning, the brain was removed and fixed by immersion in 10% formalin for 2 weeks. Histological slides in transverse orientation were obtained to support image analysis. Signal intensities are described in relation to the cortical grey matter as hyperintense (brighter signal compared to cerebral cortex) or hypointense (darker signal as the cerebral cortex). Morphological substructures were labelled in transverse images and thereafter located in dorsal and sagittal images using the four-viewer mode of the software. Anatomic structures including the sulci and gyri were identified using a published atlas and by comparison with histological slices produced from the examined brain. The final mask thus contains information about all selected anatomical structures and, in combination with the original data and polygonal surface reconstruction algorithms, allows the identification of sulci and gyri in 2 D images in association with the produced 3D model. All voxels corresponding to a single anatomical structure in the images are selected and assigned to the same value in the mask.
#DECUSSATIONS NEUROANATOMY MADE RIDICULOUSLY SIMPLE MANUAL#
Image segmentation in this context describes the manual tracing of the brain surface.
#DECUSSATIONS NEUROANATOMY MADE RIDICULOUSLY SIMPLE FREE#
A 3D model of the outer brain surface was generated based on free hand segmentation of the brain outlines in transverse MR-images. This program allows interactive assessment of morphology in all image planes. Images were reviewed using AMIRA (Mercury Computer Systems) graphical software. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the brain of the horse using high field MRI and to describe the morphology of the equine brain as shown in these images. As the number of MRI-investigations of the equine brain grows, so does the need for detailed information about brain structures and special characters of the equine brain, as existing for a number of domestic species. Currently, studies describing equine brain anatomy are only available at reduced resolution and from the brain of foals. Despite considerable progress in the technical adaptions of scanners and detection coils to the practical requirements in equine medicine, the description of brain morphology in the horse has been somewhat neglected. Images collected at this field strength provide improvements in image clarity and detail. High magnetic field strengths (3 Tesla) are now available in veterinary medicine. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is more and more used to evaluate intracranial diseases in horses with neurological signs.
Neuroimaging is increasingly important in veterinary large animal neurology.